Tày and Dao Villages of Hà Giang: Nature, Culture, and Traditions

Nestled in the majestic mountains of Hà Giang, the Tày villages offer travelers an authentic cultural experience in an awe-inspiring natural setting. With a population of over 1.6 million people, the Tày ethnic group is the second-largest ethnic community in Vietnam, after the Kinh. Most of their villages are located in fertile valleys, where agriculture and traditional crafts form the backbone of daily life. The traditional stilt houses, built from wood and thatched roofs, are emblematic of Tày culture. Surrounded by terraced rice fields, lush forests, and crystal-clear rivers, these villages offer visitors breathtaking landscapes and a glimpse into a way of life that has endured for generations.

Nam Dam: An ecotourism village of culture and spirituality

Located in Quan Ba district, Nam Dam is home to approximately 200 inhabitants, primarily from theTàyandDao ethnic groups. This village serves as a model of ecotourism, where traditions are carefully preserved. Its distinctive earthen houses, a unique architectural feature of Nam Dam, add to its charm.

A village of preserved yraditions

Nam Dam’s authenticity lies in its dedication to preserving both itsarchitectural and cultural heritage. The earthen houses, characteristic of the village, are constructed using traditional techniques that provide natural insulation, making them comfortable in both hot summers and cold winters.

Unlike Tày stilt houses, theDao houses in Nam Dam are single-story structures, made fromwood and clay, which enhance their durability and create a distinct living environment reflective of Dao culture.

Peaceful life in Nam Dam village - Ha Giang. Photo: TITC

Organic agriculture is at the heart of local life in Nam Dam. Villagers cultivate rice, maize, and various vegetables while maintaining environmentally sustainable farming practices. Livestock farming, including the raising of black pigs, buffaloes, and poultry, complements both their diet and the local economy, ensuring self-sufficiency.

A living tradition: flax and hemp weaving

One of the most iconic handicrafts in Nam Dam is the cultivation of flax and hemp, which are essential for weaving traditional garments. Visitors can witness the entire production process, from harvesting the raw fibers to spinning, weaving, and naturally dyeing the fabrics.

Each woven pattern tells a unique story, reflecting the cultural identity and traditions of the local ethnic groups, making these textiles not just functional but also a significant part ofthe heritage of the Tày and Dao communities.

An Exceptional Natural Setting: The Twin Mountains of Quan Ba

Nam Dam is surrounded by breathtaking landscapes, featuring lush valleys, majestic limestone mountains, and terraced rice fields that change colors with the seasons. This picturesque scenery offers visitors an immersive experience in the untouched beauty of Hà Giang's highlands.

One of the most famous and photogenic landmarks of the region is the “Twin Mountains” of Quan Ba (Núi Đôi Cô Tiên), a pair of gracefully rounded hills that have become a symbol of the area. These formations are steeped in local legend, telling the story of a fairy and her child, adding a mystical charm to their natural beauty.

Visitors can admire panoramic views of the valleys from designated viewpoints, particularly at sunrise and sunset, when the mist rising from the terraced fields creates a dreamlike atmosphere, making Quan Ba one of the most scenic and captivating destinations in northern Vietnam.

Nam Dam village in Ha Giang seen from above

This site, easily accessible from Nam Dam, offers a spectacular panoramic view of Quan Ba Valley, particularly at sunrise and sunset, when the mist gently rises from the terraced rice fields, enveloping the landscape in amagical and ethereal atmosphere.

Visitors can also explore scenic hiking trails leading to breathtaking viewpoints, traverse serene pine forests, and discover hidden waterfalls, perfect for a refreshing swim or a moment of relaxation in nature’s tranquility.

Traditional houses in Nam Dam, Ha Giang. Photo: TITC

The village is home to several altars and temples, where locals regularly come to pray and make offerings to seek luck and prosperity. Some traditional ceremonies, open to visitors, provide a unique opportunity to experience the spiritual beliefs and rituals of the Dao people, offering insight into their deep-rooted cultural and religious practices.

Tha: A well-preserved village at the foot of the mountains

Located just 5 km from Hà Giang city,Tha village is home to approximately 550 inhabitants, most of whom belong to the Tày ethnic group. Here, life revolves around subsistence farming, with locals cultivating rice, vegetables, and cassava, maintaining a way of life deeply connected to the land.

Authentic architectural heritage

What sets Tha apartis its remarkably preserved traditional stilt houses. Built usinglocal woodand covered with palm leaf or thatched roofs, these elevated homes serve multiple purposes:

• Protection from seasonal floods and wild animals
• Natural ventilation, keeping interiors cool year-round
• A durable structure adapted to the mountainous terrain

Unlike more modern villages, Tha has retained its original architecture, offering a glimpse into the centuries-old lifestyle of the Tày people. Each home reflects a harmonious blend of functionality and tradition, making the village a living museum of cultural heritage.

The scenery of Tha village attracts many tourists to visit and relax. Photo: Vietnamtourism

Each house is surrounded by a lush garden, where medicinal herbs, vegetables, and fruit treesflourish, adding a constant touch of greenery to the village’s charm. Families also raise buffaloes, black pigs, and poultry, ensuring self-sufficiency in food production and reinforcing the village’s sustainable way of life.

A rural economy centered on agriculture and handicrafts

Agriculture is theprimary livelihood of the inhabitants of Tha village. Surrounded byterraced rice fields, cassava plantations, and vegetable gardens, the village landscape transforms throughout the seasons, offering visitors a constantly evolving natural spectacle.

•  Spring: The flooded rice fields create a stunning mirror effect, reflecting the sky and the surrounding mountains.
• Summer: The lush green fields provide a vibrant and serene backdrop, perfect for peaceful walks.
• Autumn: Harvest season turns the terraces into a golden sea, attracting photographers and travelers in search of breathtaking panoramas.
• Winter: A morning mist blankets the village, creating a mystical and poetic atmosphere, ideal for those seeking a tranquil retreat.

This ever-changing scenery makes Tha a captivating destination year-round, where visitors can witness the deep connection between nature and traditional rural life.

Agriculture is the main activity of the people of Tha. Photo: Vietnamtourism

A magical natural setting: Between rice fields and rivers

Tha village is bordered by winding rivers and streams that weave gracefully between the stilt houses and terraced rice fields. The surrounding bamboo groves and lush forests add a touch of serenity to thisidyllic rural landscape. Travelers visiting Tha village can:

• Walk or cycle through the village and its picturesque fields
• Observe daily life, watching locals plow the land with buffaloes, plant rice, or harvest crops
• Cross charming wooden bridges over rivers, offering perfect photo spots at sunrise and sunset
• Rest under the shade of bamboo groves, breathing in the fresh air and tranquility

Forhiking enthusiasts, Tha is an excellent gateway to the surrounding mountains, offering breathtaking views over the Hà Giang valleys and access to even more remote villages, where time seems to stand still.

At Tha, visitors are not just tourists—they are welcomed as guests, with warmth and hospitality. Immersive experiences include:

• Staying with a local family, sharing their daily life
• Taking part in traditional festivals and ceremonies, accompanied by folk music and dance
• Tasting authentic local cuisine, prepared with fresh ingredients from the village

One of the most memorable cultural experiences in Tha is the Then singing tradition of the Tày people. This spiritual chant, often accompanied by theTinh lute, is performed during ceremonies and festive gatherings, creating an atmosphere that is both sacred and deeply moving.

A visit to Tha is anunforgettable journey into the heart of Tày culture, wherenature, tradition, and hospitality come together to create an authentic and enriching experience.

Thon Tha - Tay - Stilt House- Hà Giang

Khuoi My: A hidden gem in the mountains

Perched at 1,200 meters above sea level,Khuoi My is one of the most secluded villages in Hà Giang, accessibleonly via steep mountain trails. Home to around100 inhabitants, this village is a haven of tranquility, where life follows therhythms of nature and the changing seasons.

 A spectacular and pristine natural setting

Khuoi My offers breathtaking panoramic views over theHà Giang valleys, particularly at sunrise and sunset, when the mist-covered mountains glow with golden hues. Those who reach this village after a challenging hike are rewarded withunparalleled scenery and a peaceful atmosphere, far from the noise and crowds of urban life.

The surrounding area is rich in natural treasures, including:

• Fragrant pine forests, where birds and butterflies enhance the peaceful ambiance
• Hidden waterfalls, perfect for a refreshing swim after a long hike
• Terraced rice fields, sculpting the hillsides and transforming with the seasons
• Scenic hiking trails, leading to spectacular viewpoints

Visitors can follow these winding trailsto discovereven more remote villages, where nature remains untouched and traditions have been preserved for generations. Khuoi My is a true retreat for adventurers and nature lovers, offeringa rare glimpse into the authentic mountain life of Hà Giang.

Khuoi My attracts tourists with its fresh and peaceful landscape. Photo: Quynh Huong

A preserved way of life and warm hospitality

Although small in population, the residents of Khuoi My are known for their warm hospitality and deep-rooted traditions, eagerly sharing their culture and way of life with curious travelers. The village’s traditional wooden houses, built on stilts or from earth, reflect a simple yet functional architecture, designed to withstand the region’s climatic conditions while maintaining a connection to nature and ancestral knowledge. Guests visiting Khuoi My can:

• Stay with local families, sharing their daily routines and traditional home-cooked meals
• Observe traditional craftsmanship, such as hand-weaving textiles and making agricultural tools
• Discover the spiritual customs of the Dao people, particularly shamanic rituals performed during special ceremonies
• Attend vibrant folk performances, featuring traditional dances and songs during local festivals

A visit to Khuoi My offers a rare and enriching cultural exchange, where visitors become part of a community that has maintained its heritage for generations, making it a truly authentic and unforgettable experience in the heart of Hà Giang’s mountains.

Khuoi My - Ha GIang

Khuoi My also offers a simple yet flavorful cuisine, deeply rooted in the natural resources of the region. Visitors can savor traditional dishes prepared with fresh, locally sourced ingredients, reflecting the authentic mountain lifestyle. Must-Try Specialties in Khuoi My:

• Sticky rice cooked in bamboo tubes – A fragrant dish typical of mountain villages, imparting a subtle, smoky aroma
•  Dried buffalo meat – Marinated with local spices and smoked for months, offering a rich, savory flavor
• Freshly brewed Shan Tuyet tea – A rare and delicate tea known for its subtle aromas and health benefits, grown in the highlands
• Stir-fried wild vegetables – Hand-picked from the forest and seasoned with aromatic local herbs, bringing out the essence of the region

Meals in Khuoi My are often shared with families, served around a low wooden table, reinforcing the warm and immersive experience of staying in the village. Visitors are invited to partake in the communal dining tradition, where food becomes a bridge between cultures, storytelling, and local heritage.

A tourist lunch in Khuoi My - Ha Giang

Thanh Son: A harmony of nature and tradition

Located in Phuong Tiên commune, 15 km from Hà Giang city, Thanh Son village is home to 76 households, whose livelihoods revolve primarily around agriculture and fishing.

Thanh Son’s pristine natural environment makes it a hidden gem for nature lovers. Majestic limestone mountains, terraced rice fields, and gently flowing streams create a picturesque landscape, offering a tranquil escape from the bustling lowlands of Vietnam. The village enjoys a cool and pleasant climate, making it an ideal retreat for those looking to escape the heat of the plains and immerse themselves in rural serenity.

Thanh Son Village - Ha Giang develops community tourism

Traditional Ban paper making in Thanh Son

The craft of traditional Ban paper making is an age-old practice in Thanh Son, shaped by centuries of history. After undergoing periods of decline and transformation, this tradition was revived in 2012 by the villagers. Today, it plays a crucial role in preserving Dao cultural festivals and rituals, while also contributing to the growth of community-based tourism.

The production of Ban paper follows a meticulous cycle spanning several months:

• May – The raw materials are soaked in water to begin the maceration process.
• August – After two to three months of fermentation, the paper layering phase begins.

This revival of traditional Ban paper-making not only reflects the Dao people’s deep connection to their heritage but also highlights their commitment to integrating this craft into sustainable cultural tourism. Visitors to Thanh Son have the opportunity to experience this ancestral skill firsthand, gaining insight into one of the village’s most cherished traditions.

The paper drying stage - Thanh Son - Ha Giang

An immersion into the daily Life of the Tày

In Thanh Son, visitors have the unique opportunity to immerse themselves in the daily life of the Tày people. Known for their warm hospitality, the locals welcome travelers into their traditional stilt houses, which are characteristic of their architectural heritage. Guests can actively participate in various immersive activities, including:

• Learning rice farming techniques, from planting to harvesting
• Discovering goby fish farming and tending to domestic animals
• Engaging in traditional handicrafts, such as bamboo basket weaving

 Authentic local cuisine

A trip to Thanh Son wouldn’t be complete without experiencing its rich culinary heritage, deeply rooted in local ingredients and Tày traditions. Must-Try Specialties:

• Grilled goby fish with local herbs – A signature dish of the village
• Spicy goby fish soup, served with wild vegetables
• Sticky rice cooked in bamboo tubes (Cơm Lam) – A flavorful mountain delicacy
• Black pork with aromatic leaves, a tender and fragrant dish
• Stir-fried mountain vegetables, prepared with local spices
• Green tea or corn liquor, commonly served at festive gatherings

Each dish is crafted with fresh, locally sourced ingredients, ensuring authenticity and a unique flavor experience. Visitors can savor these meals in a communal setting, further deepening their connection to the local way of life.

Lâm Dông: A model of community-based tourism

Located near National Road 2, Lâm Dông is home to around 200 households and has emerged as a model for sustainable tourism in Hà Giang. Since 2014, the village has undertaken a community-driven tourism development project, aimed at preserving its architectural and cultural heritage while also improving local infrastructure.

By balancing tradition and modernization, Lâm Dông has successfully created a harmonious tourism experience, allowing visitors to immerse themselves in Tày culture while supporting the village’s economic growth and cultural preservation.

Lam Dong village of Ha Giang seen from above

An economy rooted in agriculture and livestock

In Lâm Dông, agriculture remains the primary livelihood of the villagers. The landscape is shaped by terraced rice fields, maize crops, and lush vegetable gardens, ensuring food self-sufficiency for the community. Rice, the staple of the local diet, is grown on terraced fields and harvested by hand, preserving traditional farming methods. Maize, cucumbers, squash, and eggplants are cultivated in abundance, adding variety and freshness to meals. Livestock farming, including chickens, pigs, and buffaloes, supplements household incomes and provides a vital source of protein for the local diet.

A rich and vibrant cultural heritage

Lâm Dông is a village where Tày traditions remain deeply rooted. Folk music and dance are at the heart of community life and are regularly performed for visitors. Some of the most emblematic cultural expressions include: Then singing, a sacred musical art accompanied by the Tinh lute, performed during spiritual ceremonies. Luon and Coi songs, often sung in groups, celebrating the seasons, harvests, and Tày legends. Traditional dances, performed at village festivals, featuring intricately embroidered costumes and bamboo accessories. Visitors to Lâm Dông have the opportunity to experience these traditions firsthand, whether by watching live performances or participating in cultural workshops led by the villagers.

An Authentic Homestay Experience

As part of community-based tourism, visitors can stay in traditional stilt houses, offering an immersive and enriching experience. Homestay experiences typically include:

• Shared meals with local families, featuring authentic Tày cuisine
• Workshops on weaving and handicrafts, where guests can learn traditional skills
• Guided walks through the rice fields, accompanied by explanations about local farming practices

By choosing to stay in Lâm Dông, visitors not only gain a deeper appreciation for Tày culture but also actively contribute to the preservation of ancestral traditions and the sustainable development of the community.